Calculation Data Sources

Complete reference of all emission factors and data sources used in Coffset calculations

Primary Data Sources

GHG Protocol

Standard

Corporate accounting and reporting standard for greenhouse gas emissions. Defines Scopes 1, 2, and 3.

GHG Protocol Scope 1GHG Protocol Scope 2GHG Protocol Scope 3
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ISO 14064

Standard

International standard for quantification and reporting of GHG emissions (parts 1-3).

ISO 14064 Product LCAISO 14064 Organizational LCA
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IPCC AR6 (Sixth Assessment Report)

Scientific

Latest IPCC climate assessment with updated climate change potentials and emission factors (2021-2023).

IPCC AR6 Meta-analysis
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DEFRA / BEIS (UK)

Government

Official UK government conversion factors for GHG emissions by activity type (annual updates).

DEFRA 2023
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EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency)

Government

US EPA GHG emissions inventory, eGRID (electricity grid), and Supply Chain Database.

EPA 2023EPA Supply Chain Database 2023
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IEA (International Energy Agency)

International

Country-level electricity emission factors and energy statistics (annual updates).

IEA 2023
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ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization)

International

International aviation carbon calculator based on CORSIA methodology.

ICAO 2023 (CORSIA)
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Carbon Trust

NGO

Event and accommodation carbon footprinting guides (PAS 2060 standard).

Carbon Trust 2023
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FAO LCA Database

International

Food & Agriculture Organization life cycle assessment database for food products.

FAO LCA Database 2023
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EUROSTAT

Government

European statistical office electricity and energy data.

EUROSTAT 2023
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Water Footprint Network

NGO

Global water footprint and related GHG emissions database.

Water Footprint Network 2023
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RFI Multiplier (IPCC)

Scientific

Radiative Forcing Index accounting for non-CO2 aviation effects (contrails, NOx, H2O).

IPCC AR6 (contrails, NOx, H2O)
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Comprehensive Emission Factors Database

ELECTRICITY

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
global0.475IEA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 2
US-National0.386EPA 2023 eGRIDGHG Protocol Scope 2
US-California0.165CAISO 2023GHG Protocol Scope 2
US-Texas0.458ERCOT 2023GHG Protocol Scope 2
US-NewYork0.295NYISO 2023GHG Protocol Scope 2
CA-National0.128Statistics Canada 2023GHG Protocol Scope 2
MX-National0.510IEA Mexico 2023GHG Protocol Scope 2
EU-Average0.351EUROSTAT 2023GHG Protocol Scope 2
DE-Germany0.420German Federal Network Agency 2023GHG Protocol Scope 2
FR-France0.059RTE France 2023GHG Protocol Scope 2

+17 more factors in this category

AVIATION

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
short_haul_economy0.255ICAO 2023 (CORSIA)GHG Protocol Scope 3
short_haul_premium_economy0.382ICAO 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
short_haul_business0.637ICAO 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
short_haul_first0.893ICAO 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
long_haul_economy0.195ICAO 2023 (CORSIA)GHG Protocol Scope 3
long_haul_premium_economy0.292ICAO 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
long_haul_business0.508ICAO 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
long_haul_first0.716ICAO 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
rfi_multiplier2.700IPCC AR6 (contrails, NOx, H2O)GHG Protocol

ACCOMMODATION

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
hotel_luxury50.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
hotel_upscale35.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
hotel_midrange25.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
hotel_budget15.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
airbnb_apartment18.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
airbnb_shared_room12.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
hostel8.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
resort60.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
vacation_home22.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
camping2.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3

FOOD

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
beef27.000FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA
lamb39.000FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA
pork12.100FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA
chicken6.900FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA
turkey10.200FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA
salmon12.000FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA
cod8.500FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA
tuna8.200FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA
cheese6.600FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA
milk1.900FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA

+11 more factors in this category

DIET_TYPES

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
vegan45.000IPCC AR6 Meta-analysisISO 14064
vegetarian72.000IPCC AR6 Meta-analysisISO 14064
pescatarian75.000IPCC AR6 Meta-analysisISO 14064
omnivore_low_meat95.000IPCC AR6 Meta-analysisISO 14064
omnivore_average120.000IPCC AR6 Meta-analysisISO 14064
omnivore_high_meat180.000IPCC AR6 Meta-analysisISO 14064

HEATING

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
natural_gas0.185DEFRA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1
heating_oil0.310DEFRA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1
coal0.420DEFRA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1
wood_pellets_sustainable0.020DEFRA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1
wood_unsustainable0.340DEFRA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1
electric_heating_global_avg0.475IEA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 2
heat_pump0.160DEFRA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 2

CONSUMER_GOODS

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
clothing_item_new7.000EPA Supply Chain Database 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
clothing_item_secondhand0.500DEFRA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
electronics_smartphone100.000EPA Supply Chain Database 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
electronics_laptop300.000EPA Supply Chain Database 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
electronics_tablet120.000EPA Supply Chain Database 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
furniture_wood25.000EPA Supply Chain Database 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
furniture_plastic45.000EPA Supply Chain Database 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
book1.200EPA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3

WASTE

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
landfill_average0.310EPA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
recycling_aluminum0.090EPA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
recycling_glass0.040EPA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
recycling_paper0.020EPA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
recycling_plastic0.080EPA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
composting0.010EPA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
incineration_with_energy0.150EPA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3

WATER

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
tap_water_global_avg0.340Water Footprint Network 2023ISO 14064
tap_water_uk0.430DEFRA 2023ISO 14064
tap_water_us_california0.890CAISO 2023ISO 14064
bottled_water0.950Water Footprint Network 2023ISO 14064

EVENTS

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
conference_per_attendee_per_day12.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
wedding_per_attendee8.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
office_per_employee_per_year5000.000GHG Protocol Corporate StandardGHG Protocol Scope 1,2

Calculation Methodology

Scope 1 Emissions

Direct emissions from owned or controlled sources (e.g., fuel combustion, company vehicles).

Scope 2 Emissions

Indirect emissions from purchased electricity, steam, heat and cooling using regional grid factors.

Scope 3 Emissions

All other indirect emissions including supply chain, transportation and business travel.

Regional Electricity Grid Factors (kg CO₂e/kWh)

US-National

0.386

EPA 2023 eGRID

US-California

0.165

CAISO 2023

US-Texas

0.458

ERCOT 2023

US-NewYork

0.295

NYISO 2023

CA-National

0.128

Statistics Canada 2023

MX-National

0.510

IEA Mexico 2023

EU-Average

0.351

EUROSTAT 2023

DE-Germany

0.420

German Federal Network Agency 2023

FR-France

0.059

RTE France 2023

GB-UK

0.257

UK National Grid 2023

IT-Italy

0.429

TERNA 2023

ES-Spain

0.274

Red Eléctrica 2023

SE-Sweden

0.033

Swedish Energy Agency 2023

NO-Norway

0.013

Statnett 2023

PL-Poland

0.780

Polish PSE 2023

CZ-CzechRepublic

0.527

ČEPS 2023

AR-Argentina

0.320

CAMMESA 2023

BR-Brazil

0.085

ONS Brazil 2023

CO-Colombia

0.250

ISA Colombia 2023

CL-Chile

0.310

CDEC-SING Chile 2023

AU-Australia

0.680

AEMO 2023

JP-Japan

0.670

Japan Energy Conservation Center 2023

CN-China

0.570

China Electricity Council 2023

IN-India

0.730

Central Electricity Authority 2023

SG-Singapore

0.520

Energy Market Authority Singapore 2023

NZ-NewZealand

0.230

Transpower NZ 2023