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Calculation Data Sources

Complete reference of all emission factors and data sources used in Coffset calculations

Primary Data Sources

GHG Protocol

Standard

Corporate accounting and reporting standard for greenhouse gas emissions. Defines Scopes 1, 2, and 3.

GHG Protocol Scope 1GHG Protocol Scope 2GHG Protocol Scope 3
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ISO 14064

Standard

International standard for quantification and reporting of GHG emissions (parts 1-3).

ISO 14064 Product LCAISO 14064 Organizational LCA
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IPCC AR6 (Sixth Assessment Report)

Scientific

Latest IPCC climate assessment with updated climate change potentials and emission factors (2021-2023).

IPCC AR6 Meta-analysis
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DEFRA / BEIS (UK)

Government

Official UK government conversion factors for GHG emissions by activity type (annual updates).

DEFRA 2026
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EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency)

Government

US EPA GHG emissions inventory, eGRID (electricity grid), and Supply Chain Database.

EPA 2023EPA Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors v1.3
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IEA (International Energy Agency)

International

Country-level electricity emission factors and energy statistics (annual updates).

IEA 2023
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Ember

NGO

Yearly electricity data for every country, including the CO2 intensity of each grid.

Ember 2025
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Carbon Trust

NGO

Event and accommodation carbon footprinting guides (PAS 2060 standard).

Carbon Trust 2023
Visit

FAO LCA Database

International

Food & Agriculture Organization life cycle assessment database for food products.

FAO LCA Database 2023
Visit

EUROSTAT

Government

European statistical office electricity and energy data.

EUROSTAT 2023
Visit

Water Footprint Network

NGO

Global water footprint and related GHG emissions database.

Water Footprint Network 2023
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Comprehensive Emission Factors Database

ELECTRICITY

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
global0.458Ember 2025GHG Protocol Scope 2
US-National0.384Ember 2025GHG Protocol Scope 2
US-California0.165CAISO 2023GHG Protocol Scope 2
US-Texas0.458ERCOT 2023GHG Protocol Scope 2
US-NewYork0.295NYISO 2023GHG Protocol Scope 2
CA-National0.191Ember 2025GHG Protocol Scope 2
MX-National0.474Ember 2025GHG Protocol Scope 2
EU-Average0.209Ember 2025GHG Protocol Scope 2
DE-Germany0.330Ember 2025GHG Protocol Scope 2
FR-France0.041Ember 2025GHG Protocol Scope 2

+17 more factors in this category

AVIATION

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
domestic_average0.229DEFRA 2026GHG Protocol Scope 3
short_haul_economy0.126DEFRA 2026GHG Protocol Scope 3
short_haul_business0.189DEFRA 2026GHG Protocol Scope 3
long_haul_economy0.117DEFRA 2026GHG Protocol Scope 3
long_haul_premium_economy0.187DEFRA 2026GHG Protocol Scope 3
long_haul_business0.339DEFRA 2026GHG Protocol Scope 3
long_haul_first0.468DEFRA 2026GHG Protocol Scope 3
rf_multiplier1.700DEFRA 2026 (with RF ÷ without RF)GHG Protocol

ACCOMMODATION

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
hotel_luxury50.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
hotel_upscale35.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
hotel_midrange25.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
hotel_budget15.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
airbnb_apartment18.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
airbnb_shared_room12.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
hostel8.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
resort60.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
vacation_home22.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
camping2.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3

FOOD

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
beef27.000FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA
lamb39.000FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA
pork12.100FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA
chicken6.900FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA
turkey10.200FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA
salmon12.000FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA
cod8.500FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA
tuna8.200FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA
cheese6.600FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA
milk1.900FAO LCA Database 2023ISO 14064 Product LCA

+11 more factors in this category

DIET_TYPES

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
vegan45.000IPCC AR6 Meta-analysisISO 14064
vegetarian72.000IPCC AR6 Meta-analysisISO 14064
pescatarian75.000IPCC AR6 Meta-analysisISO 14064
omnivore_low_meat95.000IPCC AR6 Meta-analysisISO 14064
omnivore_average120.000IPCC AR6 Meta-analysisISO 14064
omnivore_high_meat180.000IPCC AR6 Meta-analysisISO 14064

HEATING

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
natural_gas0.182DEFRA 2026GHG Protocol Scope 1
heating_oil0.247DEFRA 2026 (burning oil)GHG Protocol Scope 1
coal0.347DEFRA 2026 (domestic coal)GHG Protocol Scope 1
wood_pellets0.012DEFRA 2026 (CH4 and N2O only)GHG Protocol Scope 1
electric_heating_global_avg0.458Ember 2025 (world grid)GHG Protocol Scope 2
heat_pump0.131Ember 2025 world grid ÷ COP 3.5GHG Protocol Scope 2

CONSUMER_GOODS

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
clothing_item_new7.000EPA Supply Chain Database 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
electronics_smartphone100.000EPA Supply Chain Database 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
electronics_laptop300.000EPA Supply Chain Database 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
electronics_tablet120.000EPA Supply Chain Database 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
furniture_wood25.000EPA Supply Chain Database 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
furniture_plastic45.000EPA Supply Chain Database 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
book1.200EPA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3

WASTE

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
landfill_average0.310EPA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
recycling_aluminum0.090EPA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
recycling_glass0.040EPA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
recycling_paper0.020EPA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
recycling_plastic0.080EPA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
composting0.010EPA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3
incineration_with_energy0.150EPA 2023GHG Protocol Scope 3

WATER

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
tap_water_global_avg0.340Water Footprint Network 2023ISO 14064
tap_water_uk0.362DEFRA 2026 (supply 0.191 + treatment 0.171)ISO 14064
tap_water_us_california0.890CAISO 2023ISO 14064
bottled_water0.950Water Footprint Network 2023ISO 14064

EVENTS

FactorValue (kg CO₂e)SourceProtocol / Standard
conference_per_attendee_per_day12.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
wedding_per_attendee8.000Carbon Trust 2023GHG Protocol Scope 1,2,3
office_per_employee_per_year5000.000GHG Protocol Corporate StandardGHG Protocol Scope 1,2

Calculation Methodology

Scope 1 Emissions

Direct emissions from owned or controlled sources (e.g., fuel combustion, company vehicles).

Scope 2 Emissions

Indirect emissions from purchased electricity, steam, heat and cooling using regional grid factors.

Scope 3 Emissions

All other indirect emissions including supply chain, transportation and business travel.

Regional Electricity Grid Factors (kg CO₂e/kWh)

US-National

0.384

Ember 2025

US-California

0.165

CAISO 2023

US-Texas

0.458

ERCOT 2023

US-NewYork

0.295

NYISO 2023

CA-National

0.191

Ember 2025

MX-National

0.474

Ember 2025

EU-Average

0.209

Ember 2025

DE-Germany

0.330

Ember 2025

FR-France

0.041

Ember 2025

GB-UK

0.217

Ember 2025

IT-Italy

0.285

Ember 2025

ES-Spain

0.154

Ember 2025

SE-Sweden

0.035

Ember 2025

NO-Norway

0.028

Ember 2025

PL-Poland

0.591

Ember 2025

CZ-CzechRepublic

0.401

Ember 2025

AR-Argentina

0.343

Ember 2025

BR-Brazil

0.110

Ember 2025

CO-Colombia

0.187

Ember 2025

CL-Chile

0.291

Ember 2025

AU-Australia

0.525

Ember 2025

JP-Japan

0.477

Ember 2025

CN-China

0.526

Ember 2025

IN-India

0.671

Ember 2025

SG-Singapore

0.497

Ember 2025

NZ-NewZealand

0.093

Ember 2025